FX 2025 Recap

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The price action in FX futures throughout 2025 was defined by a historic retreat of the U.S. dollar, which saw its "grip slip" as the U.S. Dollar Index fell by approximately 9% over the year. The primary driver was a dramatic shift in Federal Reserve policy; after holding rates steady for much of the year, the Fed Pivot in September, triggered by a softening labor market and the "One Big Beautiful Bill," resulted in a series of rate cuts that brought the fed funds rate down to 4.25% by December. This dollar weakness provided a massive tailwind for major G10 futures, with the Swedish Krona emerging as the top performer with a 20% gain, while the Euro and Swiss Franc both surged roughly 14% against the greenback in the first half of the year alone.
Volatility reached "monstrous" levels in the second quarter due to the "Liberation Day" tariffs announced on April 2. This event triggered a massive risk-off stampede, causing the Cboe

Volatility Index to witness its largest-ever one-day spike and sending daily global FX turnover to a record $9.6 trillion. While the dollar initially spiked on safe-haven demand, the subsequent "Trump trade" exhaustion and concerns over fiscal sustainability during the longest U.S. government shutdown in history cemented the bearish trend. In contrast, the Japanese Yen futures experienced significant whipsaws as the Bank of Japan diverged from its peers by raising rates to 0.5%, creating a complex environment where traders had to balance narrowing interest rate differentials against the threat of 24% tariffs on Japanese auto exports.
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**All examples in this report are hypothetical interpretations of situations and are used for explanation purposes only. The views in this report reflect solely those of the author and not necessarily those of CME Group or its affiliated institutions. This report and the information herein should not be considered investment advice or the results of actual market experience.

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