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Simple Moving Average (SMA)## Overview and Purpose
The Simple Moving Average (SMA) is one of the most fundamental and widely used technical indicators in financial analysis. It calculates the arithmetic mean of a selected range of prices over a specified number of periods. Developed in the early days of technical analysis, the SMA provides traders with a straightforward method to identify trends by smoothing price data and filtering out short-term fluctuations. Due to its simplicity and effectiveness, it remains a cornerstone indicator that forms the basis for numerous other technical analysis tools.
## What’s Different in this Implementation
- **Constant streaming update:**
On each bar we:
1) subtract the value leaving the window,
2) add the new value,
3) divide by the number of valid samples (early) or by `period` (once full).
- **Deterministic lag, same as textbook SMA:**
Once full, lag is `(period - 1)/2` bars—identical to the classic SMA. You just **don’t lose the first `period-1` bars** to `na`.
- **Large windows without penalty:**
Complexity is constant per tick; memory is bounded by `period`. Very long SMAs stay cheap.
## Behavior on Early Bars
- **Bars < period:** returns the arithmetic mean of **available** samples.
Example (period = 10): bar #3 is the average of the first 3 inputs—not `na`.
- **Bars ≥ period:** behaves exactly like standard SMA over a fixed-length window.
> Implication: Crosses and signals can appear earlier than with `ta.sma()` because you’re not suppressing the first `period-1` bars.
## When to Prefer This
- Backtests needing early bars: You want signals and state from the very first bars.
- High-frequency or very long SMAs: O(1) updates avoid per-bar CPU spikes.
- Memory-tight scripts: Single circular buffer; no large temp arrays per tick.
## Caveats & Tips
Backtest comparability: If you previously relied on na gating from ta.sma(), add your own warm-up guard (e.g., only trade after bar_index >= period-1) for apples-to-apples.
Missing data: The function treats the current bar via nz(source); adjust if you need strict NA propagation.
Window semantics: After warm-up, results match the textbook SMA window; early bars are a partial-window mean by design.
## Math Notes
Running-sum update:
sum_t = sum_{t-1} - oldest + newest
SMA_t = sum_t / k where k = min(#valid_samples, period)
Lag (full window): (period - 1) / 2 bars.
## References
- Edwards & Magee, Technical Analysis of Stock Trends
- Murphy, Technical Analysis of the Financial Markets אינדיקטור
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MTF 200 SMAMulti-Timeframe (MTF) 200 SMA: Your Universal Trend Guide
Tired of switching timeframes just to check the major moving averages?
The MTF 200 SMA indicator is a powerful, customizable tool designed to give you a clear, comprehensive view of the trend across multiple timeframes, all on a single chart. It's built on Pine Script v6 for stability and performance.
Key Features:
9 MTF Lines: Simultaneously plot the 200 Simple Moving Average (SMA) for 30m, 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, Daily, and Weekly charts. Understand the overall market structure at a glance.
Single-Click Toggle: Use the 'Current Chart TF Only' checkbox to instantly switch from the crowded MTF view to showing only the standard 200 SMA for your current chart resolution. Perfect for focusing on immediate price action.
Dynamic Highlighting: The 'Highlight Current Chart TF' option (default ON) emphasizes the SMA corresponding to your current chart, making it stand out with a bright Aqua color and a thicker line when in MTF mode.
Full Customization: Easily adjust the SMA Length and the MTF SMA Line Color directly in the indicator settings.
How to Use It:
Trend Confirmation: When all MTF lines (especially the Daily and Weekly) are aligned and moving in the same direction, it provides high-confidence trend confirmation.
Dynamic S/R: The MTF SMAs often act as strong dynamic Support and Resistance levels, even when viewing a lower timeframe like the 5-minute chart.
Clean Analysis: Use the 'Current Chart TF Only' option when you need to declutter your chart and focus on the primary trend of your active trading session.
Elevate your trend analysis today with the MTF 200 SMA! אינדיקטור
Puell Multiple Variants [OperationHeadLessChicken]Overview
This script contains three different, but related indicators to visualise Bitcoin miner revenue.
The classical Puell Multiple : historically, it has been good at signaling Bitcoin cycle tops and bottoms, but due to the diminishing rewards miners get after each halving, it is not clear how you determine overvalued and undervalued territories on it. Here is how the other two modified versions come into play:
Halving-Corrected Puell Multiple : The idea is to multiply the miner revenue after each halving with a correction factor, so overvalued levels are made comparable by a horizontal line across cycles. After experimentation, this correction factor turned out to be around 1.63. This brings cycle tops close to each other, but we lose the ability to see undervalued territories as a horizontal region. The third variant aims to fix this:
Miner Revenue Relative Strength Index (Miner Revenue RSI) : It uses RSI to map miner revenue into the 0-100 range, making it easy to visualise over/undervalued territories. With correct parameter settings, it eliminates the diminishing nature of the original Puell Multiple, and shows both over- and undervalued revenues correctly.
Example usage
The goal is to determine cycle tops and bottoms. I recommend using it on high timeframes, like monthly or weekly . Lower than that, you will see a lot of noise, but it could still be used. Here I use monthly as the example.
The classical Puell Multiple is included for reference. It is calculated as Miner Revenue divided by the 365-day Moving Average of the Miner Revenue . As you can see in the picture below, it has been good at signaling tops at 1,3,5,7.
The problems:
- I have to switch the Puell Multiple to a logarithmic scale
- Still, I cannot use a horizontal oversold territory
- 5 didn't touch the trendline, despite being a cycle top
- 9 touched the trendline despite not being a cycle top
Halving-Corrected Puell Multiple (yellow): Multiplies the Puell Multiple by 1.63 (a number determined via experimentation) after each halving. In the picture below, you can see how the Classical (white) and Corrected (yellow) Puell Multiples compare:
Advantages:
- Now you can set a constant overvalued level (12.49 in my case)
- 1,3,7 are signaled correctly as cycle tops
- 9 is correctly not signaled as a cycle top
Caveats:
- Now you don't have bottom signals anymore
- 5 is still not signaled as cycle top
Let's see if we can further improve this:
Miner Revenue RSI (blue):
On the monthly, you can see that an RSI period of 6, an overvalued threshold of 90, and an undervalued threshold of 35 have given historically pretty good signals.
Advantages:
- Uses two simple and clear horizontal levels for undervalued and overvalued levels
- Signaling 1,3,5,7 correctly as cycle tops
- Correctly does not signal 9 as a cycle top
- Signaling 4,6,8 correctly as cycle bottoms
Caveats:
- Misses two as a cycle bottom, although it was a long time ago when the Bitcoin market was much less mature
- In the past, gave some early overvalued signals
Usage
Using the example above, you can apply these indicators to any timeframe you like and tweak their parameters to obtain signals for overvalued/undervalued BTC prices
You can show or hide any of the three indicators individually
Set overvalued/undervalued thresholds for each => the background will highlight in green (undervalued) or red (overvalued)
Set special parameters for the given indicators: correction factor for the Corrected Puell and RSI period for Revenue RSI
Show or hide halving events on the indicator panel
All parameters and colours are adjustable
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ORBs, EMAs, SMAs, AVWAPThis is an update to a previously published script. In short the difference is the added capability to adjust the length of EMAs. Also added 3 customizable SMAs. Enjoy! Let me know what you think of the script please. This is only second one I have ever done. Through practice and people like @LuxAlgo and other Pinescripters this isn't possible. Tedious hrs with ChatGPT to correct nuances, who doesnt seem to learn from (insert pronoun) mistakes
This all-in-one indicator combines key institutional tools into a unified framework for intraday and swing trading. Designed for traders who use multi-session analysis and dynamic levels, it automatically maps out global session breakouts, moving averages, and volume-weighted anchors with high clarity.
Features include:
🕓 Tokyo, London, and New York ORBs (Opening Range Breakouts) — 30-minute configurable range boxes that persist until the next New York open.
📈 Anchored VWAP with Standard Deviation Bands — dynamically anchorable to session, week, or month for institutional-grade price tracking.
📊 Exponential Moving Averages (9, 20, 113, 200) — for short-, mid-, and long-term momentum structure.
📉 Simple Moving Averages (20, 50, 100) — fully customizable lengths, colors, and visibility toggles for trend confirmation.
🏁 Prior High/Low Levels (PDH/PDL, PWH/PWL, PMH/PML) — automatically plotted from previous day, week, and month, with labels placed at each session’s midpoint.
🎛️ Session-Aligned Time Logic — all time calculations use New York session anchors with DST awareness.
💡 Clean Visualization Options — every component can be toggled on/off, recolored, or customized for your workflow.
Best used for:
ORB break-and-retest setups
VWAP and EMA rejections
Confluence-based trading around key session levels
Multi-session momentum tracking אינדיקטור
ORBs, EMAs, AVWAPThis Pine Script (version 6) is a multi-session trading indicator that combines Opening Range Breakouts (ORBs), Exponential Moving Averages (EMAs), and an Anchored VWAP (AVWAP) system — all in one overlay script for TradingView.
Here’s a clear breakdown of its structure and functionality:
🕒 1. Session Logic and ORB Calculation
Purpose: Identify and plot the high and low of the first 30 minutes (default) for the Tokyo, London, and New York trading sessions.
Session Anchors (NY time):
Tokyo → 20:00
London → 03:00
New York → 09:30
(All configurable in inputs.)
ORB Duration: Default is 30 minutes (orbDurationMin), also user-configurable.
Resets:
London and NY ORBs reset at the start of each new New York trading day (17:00 NY time).
Tokyo ORB resets independently using a stored timestamp.
Process:
For each session:
While the time is within the ORB window, the script captures the session’s high and low.
Once the window closes, those levels remain plotted until reset.
Plot Colors:
Tokyo → Yellow (#fecc02)
London → Gray (#8c9a9c)
New York → Magenta (#ff00c8)
These form visible horizontal lines marking the prior session ranges — useful for breakout or retest trading setups.
📈 2. EMA System
Purpose: Provide trend and dynamic support/resistance guidance.
It calculates and plots four EMAs:
EMA Period Color Purpose
EMA 9 Short-term Green Fast signal
EMA 20 Short-term Red Confirms direction
EMA 113 Medium Aqua Trend filter
EMA 200 Long-term Orange Macro trend baseline
Each EMA is plotted directly on the price chart for visual confluence with ORB and VWAP levels.
⚖️ 3. Anchored VWAP (AVWAP)
Purpose: Display a volume-weighted average price anchored to specific timeframes or events, optionally with dynamic deviation or percentage bands.
Features:
Anchor Options:
Time-based: Session, Week, Month, Quarter, Year, Decade, Century
Event-based: Earnings, Dividends, Splits
VWAP resets when the chosen anchor condition is met (e.g., new month, new earnings event, etc.).
Bands:
Up to three levels of symmetric upper/lower bands.
Choose between Standard Deviation or Percentage-based widths.
Display Toggles:
Each band’s visibility is optional.
VWAP can be hidden on 1D+ timeframes (hideonDWM option).
Color Scheme:
VWAP: Fuchsia (magenta-pink) line
Bands: Green / Olive / Teal with light-filled zones
⚙️ 4. Technical Highlights
Uses ta.vwap() with built-in band calculations.
Handles instruments with or without volume (errors if missing volume).
Uses time-zone aware timestamps (timestamp(NY_TZ, …)).
Uses timeframe.change() to detect new anchors for the VWAP.
Employs persistent variables (var) to maintain session state across bars.
💡 In Practice
This indicator is designed for multi-session intraday traders who:
Trade Tokyo, London, or NY open breakouts or retests.
Use EMA stacking and crossovers for trend confirmation.
Use Anchored VWAP as a fair-value or mean-reversion reference.
Need clear visual structure across different market sessions.
It provides strong session separation, trend context, and volume-weighted price reference — making it ideal for discretionary or semi-systematic trading strategies focused on liquidity zones and session momentum. אינדיקטור
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Long-Term Capitulation Oscillator (LTCO, Diodato 2019)Description:
This script is a faithful implementation of the Long-Term Capitulation Oscillator (LTCO) from Chris Diodato's award-winning 2019 CMT paper, "Making The Most Of Panic". It is a strategic, market-wide breadth and volume oscillator designed to identify major, long-term market bottoms.
What It Is
The LTCO combines long-term moving averages (34, 55, 89, 144, and 233-day) of NYSE advancing/declining issues and up/down volume. It uses a unique "average of averages" method to create a responsive yet strategic long-term indicator. This script plots the raw, un-normalized value as described in the paper, which typically oscillates in the 700-1100 range.
How to Interpret
The LTCO is a strategic tool for identifying potentially significant market turning points.
Extremely Low Readings: Suggest that a long-term period of selling has reached a point of exhaustion, potentially marking a major bear market low or a generational buying opportunity. The paper backtested various thresholds, with values below 950, 925, and especially 875 showing historically strong forward returns over the next 6-24 months.
Overbought/Oversold Lines: The script includes customizable overbought/oversold lines to help you visually identify these critical zones.
Settings
Data Sources: Allows toggling the use of "Unchanged" issues/volume data for the calculation.
Thresholds: You can set the overbought and oversold levels to your preference, based on the paper's findings or your own research.
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Daily/Weekly EMAs on Lower TimeframesThis indicator allows traders to view Daily and Weekly EMAs (Exponential Moving Averages) directly on lower timeframes such as 1m, 5m, 15m, or 1h charts — providing a higher timeframe perspective without switching charts.
The script includes individual checkboxes for each EMA length — 5, 8, 9, 21, 50, and 200 — organized into two clear sections:
🟢 Daily EMAs
🔵 Weekly EMAs
You can selectively enable or disable any EMA to match your trading style and reduce chart clutter.
Each EMA is color-coded for clarity and consistency:
5 EMA: Green
8 EMA: Blue
9 EMA: Blue
21 EMA: Orange
50 EMA: Purple
200 EMA: Red
Weekly EMAs appear slightly transparent to distinguish them from daily ones.
This makes it easy to visualize higher timeframe trend direction, confluence zones, and dynamic support/resistance levels while trading intraday.
💡 Key Features
View Daily and Weekly EMAs on smaller timeframes.
Individual checkbox toggles for all 6 EMA lengths.
Separate sections for Daily and Weekly EMAs.
Color-coded lines for easy visual recognition.
Works seamlessly on any symbol or timeframe below Daily.
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Moving Average Ribbon AZlyMoving Average Ribbon AZly
The Moving Average Ribbon AZly is a flexible trend-following indicator that visualizes market direction, strength, and transition phases using multiple customizable moving averages. It helps traders instantly identify when short-, medium-, and long-term trends align or diverge.
🔧 How it works
Up to six moving averages can be plotted, each with its own:
Type (SMA, EMA, SMMA, WMA, VWMA, or HMA)
Length, color, and width
Custom source input
The script also adds adaptive color fills between key pairs:
MA1–MA2: short-term momentum
MA4–MA5: mid-term bias
MA5–MA6: long-term trend
Bullish alignment paints green or blue ribbons, while bearish alignment turns them red or pink. The wider the ribbon, the stronger the trend separation.
💡 Why it’s better
Unlike typical ribbon indicators, this version offers full per-line customization, adaptive color fills, and a clean, high-contrast design that makes trend shifts instantly recognizable . It’s optimized for clarity, flexibility, and smooth performance on any market or timeframe.
🎯 Trading ideas
Trend confirmation: Trade only in the direction of the ribbon (green for long, red for short).
Early reversals: Watch for the fastest MAs (MA1–MA2) crossing the mid-term pair (MA4–MA5) as early signals of a trend shift.
Momentum compression: When the ribbon narrows or colors alternate rapidly, it signals consolidation or potential breakout zones.
Pullback entries: Enter trades when price bounces off the outer ribbon layer in the direction of the dominant trend.
Multi-timeframe use: Combine with a higher timeframe ribbon to confirm overall market bias.
📊 Recommended use
Works on all markets and timeframes. Ideal for trend-following, swing trading, and visual confirmation of price structure. אינדיקטור
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Smooth Cloud + ZigZag VPOC CORE v6📌 Description
The Smooth Cloud + ZigZag VPOC indicator is designed to help traders visualize market structure and potential confluence zones.
Smooth Cloud: Built from smoothed moving averages (EMA, RMA, or HMA), this cloud highlights the underlying short-term trend by shading bullish and bearish phases.
Pivots (ZigZag style): Marks confirmed swing highs and lows, helping to identify support/resistance and breakout areas without repainting.
VPOC (Volume Point of Control): Plots the price level with the highest traded volume, either from a rolling lookback or anchored to a custom date. This often acts as a magnet or reaction level.
ATR Bands: Optional dynamic bands based on volatility to frame potential extension zones.
Signals & Alerts: Generates long/short labels when price breaks pivot levels in line with trend filters, with optional confluence from HTF trend, VPOC, and ATR.
This tool combines trend context, structure, and volume confluence in a single view to support decision-making.
✅ Notes
This script is intended for technical analysis and educational use only.
It does not provide financial advice or guaranteed outcomes.
Signals are purely analytical and should be combined with independent risk management. אינדיקטור
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BTC TOPperThe BTC TOPper indicator is a sophisticated technical analysis tool designed to identify critical price levels where Bitcoin's weekly Simple Moving Average (SMA) intersects with historically significant All-Time High (ATH) levels. This indicator is particularly valuable for long-term trend analysis and identifying potential reversal zones in Bitcoin's price action.
Key Features:
🔹 Weekly SMA Analysis: Uses a 200-period Simple Moving Average on weekly timeframe to smooth out short-term volatility and focus on long-term trends
🔹 Persistent Historical ATH Tracking: Automatically detects and "freezes" ATH levels that have been held for more than one year, creating persistent reference levels
🔹 Multi-Level Cross Detection: Tracks up to 10 different frozen ATH levels simultaneously, providing comprehensive historical context
🔹 Visual Cross Alerts: Highlights entire weeks with red background when the weekly SMA crosses any frozen ATH level, making signals impossible to miss
🔹 Advanced Smoothing Options: Includes optional secondary moving averages (SMA, EMA, SMMA, WMA, VWMA) with Bollinger Bands for enhanced analysis
🔹 Customizable Parameters: Adjustable SMA length, offset, and smoothing settings to fit different trading strategies
How It Works:
ATH Detection: Continuously monitors for new all-time highs
Level Freezing: After an ATH is held for 1+ year, it becomes a "frozen" historical level
Cross Monitoring: Watches for intersections between the 200-week SMA and any frozen ATH level
Signal Generation: Highlights the entire week when a cross occurs, providing clear visual alerts
Trading Applications:
Long-term Trend Analysis: Identify when Bitcoin approaches historically significant resistance levels
Reversal Zone Detection: Spot potential areas where price might reverse based on historical context
Support/Resistance Confirmation: Use frozen ATH levels as dynamic support and resistance zones
Market Structure Analysis: Understand how current price relates to historical market cycles
Best Practices:
Use on weekly timeframe for optimal results
Combine with other technical indicators for confirmation
Pay attention to multiple frozen levels clustering in the same price range
Consider market context and fundamentals alongside technical signals
Settings:
Length: 200 (default) - SMA period
Source: Close price
Smoothing: Optional secondary MA with multiple types available
Bollinger Bands: Optional volatility bands around secondary MA
This indicator is ideal for Bitcoin traders and analysts who want to understand the relationship between current price action and historical market structure, particularly useful for identifying potential major reversal zones based on historical ATH levels. אינדיקטור
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Bollinger Bands with 4 Moving AveragesCombines Bollinger Bands (BB) with up to four optional Moving Averages (MA) to read volatility, trend direction, and dynamic support–resistance in one overlay.
How It Works
BB: basis = MA(length, type) with standard deviation mult. upper = basis + dev, lower = basis − dev.
MA1–MA4: additional averages you can toggle (default only MA4/200 enabled).
Key Features
Flexible basis MA type for BB: SMA / EMA / RMA (Wilder) / WMA / VWMA.
Four optional MAs with independent length, color, and width (defaults: 7, 25, 99, 200; only 200 on by default).
Offset to shift BB for visual testing.
Overlay on price with shaded band between Upper–Lower.
Inputs & Defaults
BB Length = 20, StdDev = 2.0, Source = close.
Basis MA Type = SMA.
MA4 active (200), MA1–MA3 off (7/25/99 ready).
Offset = 0.
Practical Use
Use BB for volatility context: squeeze → potential breakout; expansion → strong trend.
Treat Basis / Upper / Lower as dynamic levels:
Pullbacks to Basis often become decision zones in trends.
Upper/Lower touches = relative extremes.
Add MA4(200) for primary bias; enable MA1–MA3 for finer timing.
Typical behavior:
Price > MA200 and rising basis → bullish bias; watch pullbacks to basis/MA25-like zones.
Price < MA200 and falling basis → bearish bias; watch rejections at basis/MAs.
Common Signals (not financial advice)
Breakout + BB expansion confirms momentum.
Squeeze + basis break can preface volatility expansion.
Confluence: Lower touch + fast MA in uptrends → mean-reversion setups; inverse for downtrends.
Notes
MA1–MA4 are SMA in the code; BB basis follows the selected MA type.
Test across timeframes; tune length and mult to the asset.
Disclaimer
Visual tool only. Combine with risk management, multi-timeframe confirmation, and a tested plan. אינדיקטור
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