Pakar Perubatan
Syarikat-syarikat Korea specializing in medical technologies
Korporasi yang beroperasi dalam bidang kepakaran perubatan mereka bentuk instrumen pembedahan canggih, peralatan diagnostik dan peranti boleh implan. Kelulusan kawal selia yang mendadak dan volum prosedur perubatan elektif mencetuskan pergerakan harga yang pantas, menjadikan kumpulan ini sangat menarik kepada pedagang aktif. Dalam sesi ini, Ms Bio, Inc. memproses volum dagangan terbanyak, manakala BTB Korea Co.,Ltd mencatatkan pertumbuhan harga satu hari terbesar. Jadual di bawah menyediakan metrik asas dan teknikal yang penting.
Simbol | Permodalan pasaran | Harga | Perubahan % | Volum | Volum relatif | P/E | EPS cair TTM | Pertumbuhan EPS cair TTM YoY | Hasil dividen % TTM | Sektor | Penarafan penganalisa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 214150CLASSYS Inc. | 1.7 T KRW | 25,850 KRW | −0.77% | 248.23 K | 1.31 | 12.32 | 2,098.00 KRW | +36.04% | 3.85% | Teknologi kesihatan | Beli |
 290650L&C BIO Co., Ltd. | 1.48 T KRW | 23,750 KRW | −3.46% | 287.97 K | 0.93 | — | −3,006.73 KRW | −211.53% | 0.10% | Teknologi kesihatan | Beli kuat |
 096530Seegene, Inc. | 1.26 T KRW | 31,000 KRW | −2.52% | 304.22 K | 1.34 | 17.73 | 1,748.40 KRW | — | 2.86% | Teknologi kesihatan | Beli kuat |
 950160Kolon TissueGene. Inc. Shs Korean Deposit Receipt Repr 1/5 ShDR | 1.18 T KRW | 13,110 KRW | −3.82% | 279.4 K | 1.05 | — | −2,188.64 KRW | −102.51% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 491000Livsmed Inc. | 1.07 T KRW | 37,950 KRW | −10.60% | 395.33 K | 1.12 | — | −1,085.74 KRW | — | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 458870SEERS Co. Ltd. | 803.34 B KRW | 14,500 KRW | −29.95% | 1.75 M | 3.79 | 13.28 | 1,091.69 KRW | — | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Beli kuat |
 041830InBody Co., Ltd. | 563.89 B KRW | 42,050 KRW | −26.61% | 479.21 K | 5.56 | 11.82 | 3,556.70 KRW | +47.33% | 1.30% | Teknologi kesihatan | Beli kuat |
 099190i-SENS, Inc. | 479.67 B KRW | 12,310 KRW | −13.00% | 237.62 K | 2.53 | — | −267.94 KRW | −1,163.47% | 0.62% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 377740BioNote, Inc. | 475.02 B KRW | 4,620 KRW | −1.60% | 79.28 K | 1.35 | — | −1,253.95 KRW | −205.89% | 4.84% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 468530PROTEINA Co., Ltd. | 474.75 B KRW | 55,000 KRW | +3.97% | 556.68 K | 2.27 | — | −1,096.63 KRW | −75.89% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 214430i3system, Inc. | 431.82 B KRW | 53,900 KRW | −2.88% | 55.35 K | 2.14 | 22.80 | 2,364.05 KRW | +0.88% | 0.75% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 475960TOMOCUBE, Inc. | 370.59 B KRW | 24,850 KRW | −7.28% | 37.65 K | 1.03 | — | −184.29 KRW | — | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 145720Dentium Co., Ltd. | 341.94 B KRW | 38,950 KRW | −2.14% | 17.15 K | 0.65 | 10.91 | 3,570.30 KRW | −58.05% | 1.51% | Teknologi kesihatan | Beli kuat |
 336570WON TECH CO.,Ltd. | 331.66 B KRW | 3,495 KRW | −3.19% | 402.55 K | 0.77 | 7.87 | 444.02 KRW | −0.54% | 1.35% | Teknologi kesihatan | Beli kuat |
 0120G0Samyang Biopharm Corporation | 291.63 B KRW | 37,600 KRW | −5.29% | 33.04 K | 1.21 | — | — | — | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 199800ToolGen Incorporated | 285.83 B KRW | 28,200 KRW | −4.57% | 14.86 K | 0.69 | — | −4,315.74 KRW | −482.50% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 060280CUREXO Inc. | 285.52 B KRW | 6,570 KRW | −2.38% | 289.18 K | 1.61 | 49.09 | 133.85 KRW | — | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Beli kuat |
 054950JVM Co., Ltd. | 282.77 B KRW | 24,300 KRW | −1.22% | 27.43 K | 1.29 | — | — | — | 2.65% | Teknologi kesihatan | Beli kuat |
 043150Value Added Technology Co., Ltd. | 249.4 B KRW | 16,640 KRW | −1.77% | 51.55 K | 1.62 | 4.31 | 3,863.07 KRW | +34.65% | 1.79% | Teknologi kesihatan | Beli |
 100120Vieworks Co., Ltd | 241.28 B KRW | 27,900 KRW | −4.45% | 32.48 K | 1.13 | 6.68 | 4,177.06 KRW | +86.40% | 2.34% | Teknologi kesihatan | Beli |
 216080Jetema Co., Ltd. | 224.1 B KRW | 5,830 KRW | −1.35% | 148.47 K | 1.56 | — | −37.90 KRW | +70.22% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 168360PEMTRON Corporation | 206.05 B KRW | 6,890 KRW | −12.78% | 180.74 K | 1.23 | 723.41 | 9.52 KRW | — | 0.54% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 099430BioPlus Co. Ltd. | 189.34 B KRW | 2,935 KRW | −5.63% | 186.44 K | 1.54 | 18.87 | 155.54 KRW | −35.49% | 2.22% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 450950Asterasys Co., Ltd. | 184.19 B KRW | 4,690 KRW | −0.64% | 17.92 K | 1.25 | 29.04 | 161.51 KRW | −30.74% | 2.17% | Teknologi kesihatan | Beli kuat |
 180400Dx & Vx Co., Ltd. | 182.59 B KRW | 1,915 KRW | +1.00% | 59.26 K | 1.31 | — | −402.70 KRW | +64.39% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
| 3386380Sky Labs Inc. | 177.3 B KRW | 7,990 KRW | −7.95% | 353.46 K | 0.96 | — | — | — | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 206640Boditech Med, Inc. | 170.29 B KRW | 8,900 KRW | +5.70% | 147.2 K | 5.31 | 7.44 | 1,197.03 KRW | +2.33% | 1.79% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 176750DuChemBIO Co., Ltd. | 169.7 B KRW | 5,520 KRW | −4.83% | 104.81 K | 0.35 | 22.96 | 240.39 KRW | −9.73% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
| 00013Y0Ms Bio, Inc. | 168.66 B KRW | 6,400 KRW | −20.60% | 12.01 M | 1.43 | — | — | — | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 314930BIODYNE Co., Ltd. | 168.61 B KRW | 5,560 KRW | −2.80% | 36.99 K | 1.03 | 134.03 | 41.48 KRW | — | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 494120Curiosis, Inc. | 164.96 B KRW | 10,430 KRW | 0.00% | 169.72 K | 1.47 | — | −517.83 KRW | −44.95% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 039860NanoenTek, Inc. | 161.9 B KRW | 3,980 KRW | −2.69% | 232.92 K | 0.23 | 24.32 | 163.63 KRW | +196.90% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 452450Pie Co.,Ltd. | 155.64 B KRW | 4,000 KRW | −3.15% | 222.17 K | 3.14 | — | −751.43 KRW | −141.29% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 119610Interojo Inc. | 153.97 B KRW | 13,110 KRW | −6.36% | 57.12 K | 2.00 | 8.45 | 1,552.22 KRW | +463.13% | 4.53% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 138610NIBEC Co., Ltd. | 150.86 B KRW | 12,510 KRW | −5.58% | 20.14 K | 0.73 | — | −2.22 KRW | +99.22% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 023910Daihan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | 148.18 B KRW | 24,700 KRW | −0.80% | 9.84 K | 1.54 | 5.28 | 4,681.69 KRW | −12.12% | 3.97% | Teknologi kesihatan | Beli kuat |
 0088M0MEZOO Co., Ltd. | 146.35 B KRW | 14,890 KRW | −4.18% | 367.92 K | 0.92 | — | — | — | — | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 041920MEDIANA Co., Ltd. | 144.66 B KRW | 6,730 KRW | −11.80% | 191.05 K | 2.91 | 12.91 | 521.38 KRW | +223.46% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Beli kuat |
 004080Shinhung Co., Ltd | 132.87 B KRW | 14,550 KRW | +0.07% | 2.47 K | 0.55 | 25.21 | 577.10 KRW | +17.00% | 2.13% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 179290MITECH Co., Ltd. | 129.46 B KRW | 3,780 KRW | −5.85% | 70.65 K | 0.81 | 5.90 | 640.36 KRW | +14.17% | 3.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 156100L&K BIOMED Co., Ltd. | 127.63 B KRW | 4,830 KRW | −6.76% | 143.41 K | 0.42 | 291.94 | 16.54 KRW | −89.71% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 048870Synergy Innovation Co. Ltd. | 121.94 B KRW | 1,391 KRW | −0.78% | 671.46 K | 1.86 | 12.22 | 113.80 KRW | — | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 228850Rayence Co., Ltd. | 117.83 B KRW | 7,430 KRW | −2.88% | 19.72 K | 0.81 | 27.90 | 266.31 KRW | — | 3.88% | Teknologi kesihatan | Beli |
 039840DIO Corporation | 114.59 B KRW | 8,860 KRW | −2.10% | 39.58 K | 0.70 | 6.46 | 1,372.09 KRW | — | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Beli kuat |
 240550Dongbang Medical Co., Ltd. | 103.94 B KRW | 5,190 KRW | +3.59% | 141.61 K | 2.05 | 6.78 | 765.34 KRW | +70.71% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Beli kuat |
 100700Sewoonmedical Co., Ltd. | 99.14 B KRW | 2,255 KRW | 0.00% | 50.63 K | 0.60 | 7.58 | 297.50 KRW | +15.65% | 3.06% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 059210Meta Biomed Co., Ltd. | 92.93 B KRW | 3,320 KRW | −5.41% | 189.17 K | 1.74 | 5.65 | 587.56 KRW | −17.85% | 4.50% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 056090CG MedTech Co.Ltd. | 89.94 B KRW | 4,105 KRW | −4.31% | 42.4 K | 0.88 | 12.92 | 317.80 KRW | +154.95% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 387690REMEDI Inc. | 86.17 B KRW | 9,780 KRW | −5.32% | 207.48 K | 0.83 | — | — | — | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 246710T&R Biofab Co., Ltd | 85.03 B KRW | 1,723 KRW | −2.77% | 724.97 K | 3.44 | — | −738.41 KRW | −177.56% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 226400OSTEONIC Co., Ltd. | 81.68 B KRW | 3,850 KRW | −4.47% | 126.64 K | 1.44 | 7.71 | 499.59 KRW | +73.13% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Beli |
 302550REMED Co., Ltd. | 74.78 B KRW | 2,370 KRW | −6.32% | 128.37 K | 1.14 | 48.43 | 48.93 KRW | −75.05% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 460940P&S Robotics Co., Ltd. | 70.64 B KRW | 4,540 KRW | −6.39% | 694.32 K | 0.36 | 47.30 | 95.99 KRW | −63.22% | 0.76% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 142280GC Medical Science Corporation | 69.85 B KRW | 2,800 KRW | −3.11% | 300.98 K | 0.44 | — | −221.16 KRW | −231.07% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 036220Osang Healthcare Co. Ltd. | 68.97 B KRW | 4,890 KRW | −7.03% | 148.29 K | 1.00 | — | −615.52 KRW | −133.89% | 3.93% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 303360PROTIA INC. | 68.78 B KRW | 3,185 KRW | −4.64% | 82.66 K | 3.66 | 11.21 | 284.24 KRW | +92.02% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 149980Hironic Co.Ltd | 68.71 B KRW | 3,645 KRW | −3.83% | 4.48 K | 0.32 | 12.46 | 292.57 KRW | — | 5.83% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 950130Access Bio, Inc. Shs Korean Deposit Receipt Repr. 1 shsDR | 66.83 B KRW | 1,832 KRW | +0.38% | 49.9 K | 1.35 | — | −3,184.96 KRW | −415.92% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 104540Corentec Co., Ltd. | 66.77 B KRW | 4,780 KRW | −1.75% | 23.13 K | 0.54 | 10.89 | 438.85 KRW | +569.19% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 228670RAY CO. LTD. | 65.45 B KRW | 4,030 KRW | −2.30% | 82.08 K | 1.83 | 6.56 | 614.55 KRW | — | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 394420RecensMedical, Inc. | 61.16 B KRW | 4,900 KRW | −3.54% | 114.81 K | 1.41 | — | — | — | — | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 253840Sugentech, Inc. | 61.08 B KRW | 3,815 KRW | −3.78% | 139.17 K | 2.90 | — | −1,504.58 KRW | −7.61% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 456570IMGT Corporation Limited | 57.91 B KRW | 11,380 KRW | +3.45% | 39 | 0.07 | — | — | — | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 065510Huvitz Co., Ltd | 57.4 B KRW | 6,050 KRW | −0.82% | 22.54 K | 1.22 | — | −167.01 KRW | −485.53% | 4.05% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 208370SELVAS Healthcare, Inc. | 54.39 B KRW | 2,150 KRW | −13.13% | 2.4 M | 2.12 | 6.41 | 335.26 KRW | +323.14% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 263690DRGEM Corp. | 53.44 B KRW | 4,870 KRW | −1.12% | 34.21 K | 2.82 | 4.32 | 1,126.99 KRW | +142.83% | 3.63% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 214680DRTECH Corp. | 52.66 B KRW | 3,030 KRW | −3.35% | 55.92 K | 1.20 | — | −739.79 KRW | +45.31% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 046210HLB PANAGENE Co. LTD. | 52.04 B KRW | 1,071 KRW | −3.86% | 134.77 K | 0.66 | — | −72.14 KRW | −279.10% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 290660Dynamic solution Co.Ltd. | 50.81 B KRW | 1,200 KRW | +5.91% | 415.36 K | 0.48 | — | −129.38 KRW | +85.36% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 464490QuadMedicine Inc. | 47.82 B KRW | 3,900 KRW | −7.14% | 28.47 K | 1.16 | — | −885.50 KRW | −143.45% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 360350COXEM Co., Ltd. | 47.58 B KRW | 8,500 KRW | −7.91% | 73.58 K | 3.53 | — | −181.51 KRW | −859.92% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 299170WSI Co., Ltd. | 47.41 B KRW | 1,055 KRW | −5.30% | 270.94 K | 1.16 | — | −15.57 KRW | +66.52% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 372910Hancom Lifecare Inc. | 47.05 B KRW | 1,625 KRW | −0.91% | 50.82 K | 0.82 | — | −14.68 KRW | −464.28% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 200580Medyssey Co., Ltd. | 45.94 B KRW | 12,000 KRW | −3.15% | 1.61 K | 1.96 | — | — | — | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 199550Laseroptek Co., Ltd. | 43.05 B KRW | 2,810 KRW | −2.09% | 10.88 K | 0.44 | — | −537.83 KRW | −17.10% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 370090Furonteer Inc. | 40 B KRW | 4,100 KRW | −6.82% | 54.03 K | 2.67 | — | −585.90 KRW | +19.60% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 0010V0JPI Healthcare Co., Ltd. | 39.06 B KRW | 7,490 KRW | −1.06% | 4.54 K | 1.41 | 5.44 | 1,378.02 KRW | +41.86% | 3.27% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 261200DENTIS CO. LTD | 37.58 B KRW | 2,480 KRW | −1.00% | 28.11 K | 1.47 | 27.82 | 89.14 KRW | — | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 460470IVIM Technology, Inc. | 37.57 B KRW | 2,310 KRW | −3.95% | 66.84 K | 4.44 | — | −177.51 KRW | +38.21% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 122310Genoray Co., Ltd. | 36.99 B KRW | 2,785 KRW | −3.97% | 25.02 K | 2.52 | 13.35 | 208.64 KRW | — | 9.85% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 219750BTB Korea Co.,Ltd | 34.09 B KRW | 2,875 KRW | +6.48% | 26.68 K | 1.45 | — | −609.61 KRW | −19,358.49% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 363250Genesystem Co., Ltd. | 33.97 B KRW | 3,935 KRW | −0.88% | 5.94 K | 0.89 | — | −1,714.40 KRW | −39.05% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 450330HASS Corp. | 32.46 B KRW | 3,755 KRW | −3.10% | 6.31 K | 0.95 | — | −31.15 KRW | −121.77% | 1.51% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 335810Precision Biosensor, Inc. | 30.95 B KRW | 1,410 KRW | +1.22% | 12.06 K | 1.92 | — | −435.38 KRW | +43.22% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 387570Finemedix Co., Ltd. | 29.54 B KRW | 5,500 KRW | +0.55% | 9.01 K | 1.78 | — | −110.68 KRW | −2.52% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 084650LabGenomics Co., Ltd. | 27.02 B KRW | 1,894 KRW | −0.73% | 35.62 K | 0.23 | — | −3,474.90 KRW | −47.25% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 131220Daihan Scientific Co., Ltd | 26.64 B KRW | 3,550 KRW | −0.56% | 8.04 K | 0.40 | 7.41 | 478.84 KRW | +12.52% | 3.50% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 398120SG Healthcare Co., Ltd. | 24.23 B KRW | 1,970 KRW | −4.37% | 59.62 K | 2.20 | 19.24 | 102.39 KRW | — | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 254120XAVIS Co., Ltd. | 23.4 B KRW | 3,765 KRW | −1.70% | 19.68 K | 0.38 | — | −731.54 KRW | −426.60% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 115480CU Medical Systems, Inc. | 23.04 B KRW | 1,869 KRW | −2.30% | 18.48 K | 1.54 | 2.83 | 661.41 KRW | — | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 388610GFC Life Science Co., Ltd. | 22.31 B KRW | 4,045 KRW | −0.61% | 10.98 K | 0.86 | 19.85 | 203.76 KRW | — | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 058110MEKICS Co., Ltd. | 21.36 B KRW | 1,283 KRW | −1.76% | 30.3 K | 1.13 | 18.76 | 68.38 KRW | — | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 205470HUMASIS Co., Ltd. | 18.94 B KRW | 2,175 KRW | −1.81% | 52.16 K | 1.13 | — | −460.90 KRW | +69.15% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 462510LaMeditech Co. Ltd. | 16.73 B KRW | 1,759 KRW | −1.84% | 42.17 K | 0.91 | — | −1,109.33 KRW | +7.74% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 419540BISTOS Co., Ltd. | 15.71 B KRW | 2,705 KRW | +1.31% | 10.05 K | 1.20 | — | −224.34 KRW | −174.03% | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 244880NANOOMTECH Co. Ltd. | 8.47 B KRW | 1,600 KRW | −5.21% | 7 | 0.24 | — | — | — | 5.93% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 233250Median Diagnostics Inc. | 7.88 B KRW | 4,800 KRW | −2.04% | 1 | 0.06 | — | — | — | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 447690AIOBIO Co., Ltd | 7.21 B KRW | 2,540 KRW | −2.31% | 1 | 0.02 | — | — | — | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 253610RootLoc Co., Ltd. | 7.17 B KRW | 789 KRW | −0.63% | 2.19 K | 3.97 | — | — | — | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |
 199290Bio Protech, Inc. | 6.63 B KRW | 400 KRW | 0.00% | 7 | 0.03 | — | — | — | 0.00% | Teknologi kesihatan | Tiada penarafan |