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Fr3d0's Volume Profile Visible RangeLow level implementation
At the core of VPVR there’s a concept called “bucketization”.
Question : what is bucketization?
Answer : bucketization consists of identifying metrics with high predictive power and combine them appropriately.
I think this is a problem of bucketization because what the VPVR does is to take a price range, divide it into buckets and fill them up with the volume that was produced in each bucket’s range over the given period.
The more we divide our price range the finer the resolution, but also the less significant each bucket will become.
The steps are :
1. Get the price range with min and max over the give period;
2. Divide the range into buckets;
3. Loop over each candle of the given period and proportionally assign volume to one or more bucket.
Question : how to assign volume to buckets?
Answer : we need to calculate the right amount to add to each bucket for each candle. If 20% of a candle lies on a bucket then that bucket needs to have 20% of the volume of that candle, the rest 80% belongs to other buckets.
To get the percentage of a candle on a given bucket we have to find the price range of the candle contained within the bucket, then divide that amount by the entire length of the candle.
How to bucketize
Question : what are the formulas of A, B, C and Target respectively?
Answer :
- A = Max(candle_high, bucket_top) - Min(candle_low, bucket_bottom);
- B = Max(candle_high, bucket_top) - Min(candle_high, bucket_top);
- C = Max(candle_low, bucket_bottom) - Min(candle_low, bucket_bottom);
- Target = A - B - C.
Now that we now how to calculate the price range belonging to each bucket we need to calculate a percentage of volume to fill the bucket with.
The formula is trivially simple :
Volume * Target / (candle_high - candle_low).
Question : can we distinguish between buy volume and sell volume? If so, how?
Answer : yes we can and the following paragraph will teach you how.
Put it simply we can use the difference between the extremes of a candle (low and high) and its close price to get the buy and sell volumes.
The formulas for that are :
- Buy volume = Volume * (close - low) / (high - low);
- Sell volume = Volume * (high - close) / (high - low).
I know this is rather simplicistic but it makes sense.
Closing thoughts
This script is a working progress and I’m going to give more details if necessary, just let me know in the comments down below. 指標
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Relative Volume (rVol), Better Volume, Average Volume ComparisonThis is the best version of relative volume you can find a claim which is based on the logical soundness of its calculation.
I have amalgamated various volume analysis into one synergistic script. I wasn't going to opensource it. But, as one of the lucky few winners of TradingClue 2. I felt obligated to give something back to the community.
Relative volume traditionally compares current volume to prior bar volume or SMA of volume. This has drawbacks. The question of relative volume is "Volume relative to what?" In the traditional scripts you'll find it displays current volume relative to the last number of bars. But, is that the best way to compare volume. On a daily chart, possibly. On a daily chart this can work because your units of time are uniform. Each day represents a full cycle of volume. However, on an intraday chart? Not so much.
Example: If you have a lookback of 9 on an hourly chart in a 24 hour market, you are then comparing the average volume from Midnight - 9 AM to the 9 AM volume. What do you think you'll find? Well at 9:30 when NY exchanges open the volume should be consistently and predictably higher. But though rVol is high relative to the lookback period, its actually just average or maybe even below average compared to prior NY session opens. But prior NY session opens are not included in the lookback and thus ignored.
This problem is the most visibly noticed when looking at the volume on a CME futures chart or some equivalent. In a 24 hour market, such as crypto, there are website's like skew can show you the volume disparity from time of day. This led me to believe that the traditional rVol calculation was insufficient. A better way to calculate it would be to compare the 9:30 am 30m bar today to the last week's worth of 9:30 am 30m bars. Then I could know whether today's volume at 9:30 am today is high or low based on prior 9:30 am bars. This seems to be a superior method on an intraday basis and is clearly superior in markets with irregular volume
This led me to other problems, such as markets that are open for less than 24 hours and holiday hours on traditional market exchanges. How can I know that the script is accurately looking at the correct prior relevant bars. I've created and/or adapted solutions to all those problems and these calculations and code snippets thus have value that extend beyond this rVol script for other pinecoders.
The Script
This rVol script looks back at the bars of the same time period on the viewing timeframe. So, as we said, the last 9:30 bars. Averages those, then divides the: . The result is a percentage expressed as x.xxx. Thus 1.0 mean current volume is equal to average volume. Below 1.0 is below the average and above 1.0 is above the average.
This information can be viewed on its own. But there are more levels of analysis added to it.
Above the bars are signals that correlate to the "Better Volume Indicator" developed by, I believe, the folks at emini-watch and originally adapted to pinescript by LazyBear. The interpretation of these symbols are in a table on the right of the indicator.
The volume bars can also be colored. The color is defined by the relationship between the average of the rVol outputs and the current volume. The "Average rVol" so to speak. The color coding is also defined by a legend in the table on the right.
These can be researched by you to determine how to best interpret these signals. I originally got these ideas and solid details on how to use the analysis from a fellow out there, PlanTheTrade.
I hope you find some value in the code and in the information that the indicator presents. And I'd like to thank the TradingView team for producing the most innovative and user friendly charting package on the market.
(p.s. Better Volume is provides better information with a longer lookback value than the default imo)
Credit for certain code sections and ideas is due to:
LazyBear - Better Volume
Grimmolf (From GitHub) - Logic for Loop rVol
R4Rocket - The idea for my rVol 1 calculation
And I can't find the guy who had the idea for the multiples of volume to the average. Tag him if you know him
Final Note: I'd like to leave a couple of clues of my own for fellow seekers of trading infamy.
Indicators: indicators are like anemometers (The things that measure windspeed). People talk bad about them all the time because they're "lagging." Well, you can't tell what the windspeed is unless the wind is blowing. anemometers are lagging indicators of wind. But forecasters still rely on them. You would use an indicator, which I would define as a instrument of measure, to tell you the windspeed of the markets. Conversely, when people talk positively about indicators they say "This one is great and this one is terrible." This is like a farmer saying "Shovels are great, but rakes are horrible." There are certain tools that have certain functions and every good tool has a purpose for a specific job. So the next time someone shares their opinion with you about indicators. Just smile and nod, realizing one day they'll learn... hopefully before they go broke.
How to forecast: Prediction is accomplished by analyzing the behavior of instruments of measure to aggregate data (using your anemometer). The data is then assembled into a predictive model based on the measurements observed (a trading system). That predictive model is tested against reality for it's veracity (backtesting). If the model is predictive, you can optimize your decision making by creating parameter sets around the prediction that are synergistic with the implications of the prediction (risk, stop loss, target, scaling, pyramiding etc).
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Accumulation/Distribution %This script takes the signal from the Accumulation Distribution indicator invented by Larry Williams and normalizes it such that it becomes an oscillator about a zero line as described by John Bollinger in his book Bollinger on Bollinger Bands . The purpose of the indicator is to serve as a volume-based confirmation of signals given by other indicators, typically Bollinger Bands paired with a momentum indicator . In the example shown, Bollinger Bands are paired with Bollinger Bands %B and the Bollinger Bands %B indicator is interpreted similar to the Relative Strength Index ( RSI ) which is a momentum indicator .
The AD% indicator is colorized such that positive readings are green and negative readings are red. The readings become darker when approaching the zero line. The colorization is also displayed on the price chart. The chart type needs to be set to "bars" for price colorization to work properly.
The formula for this indicator is presented in the John Bollinger book as follows:
10-day sum of /10-sum of volume
How to use (my take on a strategy from the book):
1. Look for %B readings that are oversold or overbought (less than 0.00 or greater than 1.00)
2. Check for bearish divergence or bullish convergence of price and %B as shown on the chart
3. Verify divergence or convergence with AD%
4. Note previous trending/crossover behavior of AD% and %B and compare to situation being analyzed
5. A conservative trader may consider buying/selling on a close beyond the 20-day moving average and an AD% zero line crossover (color change)
6. An aggressive trader may consider buying/selling on a color change alone, on a breakdown of %B, or some other signal(s).
Securities behave differently from one another and this strategy doesn't work for all of them. As with any strategy, check past performance to make sure this approach is a good fit. Bandwidth ( volatility ) squeeze is another strategy which seems to work well for this security. For that reason, it was used to demonstrate buy signals, but squeezes aren't always so predictable. AD% may be useful for determining which direction a squeeze will resolve itself, as was the case here. Further information on volatility squeeze trading can be found in the John Bollinger book Bollinger on Bollinger Bands or online.
The default TradingView Accumulation Distribution indicator does not incorporate opening price. The formula used for this indicator does, so there are multiple versions of the A/D formula.
Despite the buy signal indicated, I'm not going long Hecla Mining here and I don't recommend it. I'd need to do further DD before doing so.
Please feel free to ask questions. 指標
Unusual Time Frame VolumeThis script plots the ratio of each volume bar to the average daily volume of that specific bar (at that specific time of day).
You can see what the volume at the 09:30 (or whenever) bar looks like compared to the average volume at the same time during the previous X number of days.
The output can be read like a normal volume chart; however, you can see at a glance whether these is more volume than "normal" for that time of day.
A value of "2" would be 2x the "normal" volume; a value of "0.5" would be half.
Thus, if bars exceed the value of "1", you know that there is more volume than normal.
If the bar exceeds an adjustable threshold, it will change the color of the bar to yellow; otherwise it will be orange for values exceeding "1".
As a consequence to this approach, the plot is effectively normalized such that it obviates the need to scale up or down as volume changes throughout the day.
Notes:
If the settings are not set appropriately for your mode and time frame, the output will be incorrect/invalid!
Make sure you set the "Asset Mode" and "Time Frame (minutes)" to values that match your asset and chart setting. For example, if you are trading Futures on a 2m chart, set the Asset Mode to Futures and Time Frame to 2m. If you are trading crypto on a 5m chart, set the Asset Mode to 24/7 and Time Frame to 5m.
If you choose a "Look-back (Days)" setting that is too far back given the time frame, the script will produce an error. I suggest playing with settings from 1 (compares volume to the previous day's volume) to the highest number that doesn't break the script. For example, at a 2m time frame, the maximum look-back will be 6-7 depending on which mode you are using. Longer time frames allow larger look-back values. I find that the default value (6 Days) does a decent job in general. 指標
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Realtime Volume Bars w Market Buy/Sell/Neutral split & Mkt Delta
What is it?
A tool that shows Real-time Volume bars split into 3 components: (1) Market Buy Volume - i.e., the volume that got transacted on upticks; (2) Market Sell Volume - i.e., the volume that got transacted on downticks;
and, (3) Neutral Volume - i.e., the volume that got transacted without a change in price. (This feature can be turned off if you want normal volume bars).
Market delta (i.e., Market Buy Volume - Market Sell Volume) is also displayed above each volume bar. (On by default; can be switched off from Settings)
The split and Market Delta data are ONLY AVAILABLE FOR REAL-TIME BARS. Historical bars are shown just like regular ones. The dotted line marks the start of real-time data (i.e., the bar from which the indicator started collecting and displaying data). You will see accurate data for bars to the right of this line. The longer you keep a chart open with the study enabled, the more data it collects and displays, and the better your analysis can potentially be.
Note that the data gets reset every time any of the options is changed, the market is switched, the browser is refreshed, or the script is reloaded
DATA ISN'T STORED. I.e., every time a new symbol is loaded, the previous symbol's data is lost. So if you intend to monitor a symbol, you would need to keep it loaded all the time.
Who is it for?
For traders who are used to analyzing buy/sell activity using market buy/sell volume and market delta information
Although you can use this independently as well, use it in conjunction with "Market Delta Volume for Realtime Bars" indicator to get a better visual representation of the numbers. 指標
Market Delta Volume for Realtime BarsWhat is it?
Market Delta Volume Tool for real-time bars
A market delta tool that shows, (1) the volume that got transacted on upticks - or the market buy volume; (2) the volume that got transacted on downticks - or the market sell volume (3) the market delta volume (i.e., market buy volume - market sell volume); (4) the total volume (market buy volume + market sell volume + neutral volume); and (4) the volume that got transacted without a change in price - or the neutral volume (total volume = market buy volume + market sell volume + neutral volume)
NOTE: THIS WORKS ONLY ON REAL-TIME BARS, NOT ON HISTORICAL BARS! The dotted line marks the start of real-time data (i.e., the bar from which the indicator started collecting and displaying data). You will see accurate data only for bars to the right of this line.
The longer you keep a chart open with the study enabled, the more data it collects and displays and the better your analysis can potentially be.
Note that the data gets reset every time any of the options is changed, the market is switched, the browser is refreshed, or the script is reloaded.
DATA ISN'T STORED. I.e., every time a new symbol is loaded/or the same symbol is reloaded, data gets refreshed.
Who is it for?
For traders who are used to analyzing buy/sell activity using market delta information. Especially, short-term trader/scalpers who are used to keeping the same chart open through the trading session.
Also for traders to see and study how anomalies in volume can give clues to buyer/seller absorption, initiative buying/selling etc.
Can be used to better understand VSA as well, although not necessary.
Essentially, this gives real-time delta volume information; use it however you see fit. 指標
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Time Segmented Volume BandsTime Segmented Volume Bands
This time I took as a basis TSV - Time Segmented Volume, a rather rare one, almost never mentioned on TradingView.
TSV is a leading indicator because its movement is based on both the movement of the stock price and its volume. Ideal entry and exit points are usually found when a stock moves through a baseline. This indicator is similar to the more well-known balance volume (OBV) because it measures the amount of money flowing in or out of a particular stock.
What is their main difference between TSV and OBV?
Time Segmented Volume is used to eliminate distortions of the standard volume graph. OBV is based on cumulative total volume, while TSV compares the current time period with the previous one, without a subtotal.
What I added on my own script
Bands, similar to Bollinger. The main idea is to have an idea of the average inflow and outflow of volumes from / to shares for a particular period. We have an opportunity to estimate how much the current volumes differ from the average for 60 days (all values can be flexibly adjusted).
Excess markers by the current average volume (sensitivity can be adjusted separately).
A table that calculates the total sentiment (force) of volume on average for N periods in comparison with the current one.
Sell/buy markers
How to read a TSV graph
The main graph is a histogram. Green bars mean an inflow of volume, red bars mean an outflow. When the red volume crosses the baseline zero, it is considered a buy signal (in the classic TSV version). A similar sell signal - just the opposite. I highlight them with a colored background fill.
It is especially important to find divergences on the chart. For example, when the volume peaks getting lower but the price rises (short).
The yellow line is the average TSV for 7 periods. Just a smoother lagging line.
Blue stripes. Above - the average inflow of volumes over N periods (44 days). Below - the average outflow.
Markers are additional buy / sell signals generated when the current TSV value exceeds the average for N periods. In the script settings, you can choose how many percent deviations from the average should occur in order to count it as a strong signal (by default, an excess of 180% for selling, 100% for buying). The main idea of the marker is to catch a better price than with the standard TSV logic (take at the intersection of the zero line). The marker can serve as both an assistant and drive into a trap. If you are not very confident, then it is better to adhere to standard practice, and set the excess of markers to completely abnormal situations, so that it triggers less often.
Colored background - a classic buy or sell zone (when crossing the TSV baseline).
Table - you can configure its presence and size in the settings. On it you can estimate the sentiment of the movement of money for the last N periods. Pay particular attention to the % value in parentheses. It shows the strength of the trend in volumes over N periods.
The basic rule, as with any trend indicator: do not trade against the trend. A sell signal in a constantly rising channel is not a short signal. This is a signal for a possible fixation of a part of the position. No more.
How do I use this indicator?
For starters, I never make decisions purely based on an indicator. TSV plays the role of a clearer visualization of volumes for me. If I see that the volumes are fading away (thin market), then I try not to enter the trade. For the last two weeks, while picking charts, I completely abandoned standard volume bars in favor of TSV due to it's greater informative.
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