Keep an eye on continuing claims as early recession indicatorLast year, continuing claims for unemployment insurance hit the lowest level since 1970. After a sharp uptick this year due to layoffs that mostly affected white collar tech workers, the absolute number remains strong relative to history, but is now above the lows of 1972–73, 1987–88, 2000, and 2018–2019.
An upward move this sharp usually accelerates and becomes recessionary, but I don't think we're past the point of no return yet. The Fed could stabilize the situation with a rate cut (although it just raised rates and shows no sign of wanting to cut), or Congress could possibly stabilize it with some kind of pro-growth reform bill (although currently it's engaged in debt-ceiling brinksmanship that might result in technical default). It's also possible that productivity gains due to rapid technological advances might offset the bad rate environment. Anecdotally, venture capital still seems willing to take risks despite the bad rate environment. (After getting laid off late last year, I just launched an AI startup with some angel investment, and many other laid off tech workers are doing the same.)
For gauging whether the jobless claims numbers are looking recessionary or not, I quite like Chris Moody's Ultimate Moving Average Multi-Timeframe indicator. This indicator has predicted 6 of the last 8 recessions—arriving a bit late to the other two—with only one false positive. (Of course, the definition of "recession" is a bit arbitrary. In general, this has been a good early signal that joblessness is accelerating—again, with only one false positive.) Note, however, that this is much better on the front end of a recession than the back end. You need a faster signal to let you know when the recession is over, because this one always calls it late.
Presently, this signal hasn't triggered yet. However, we're getting close. Often, claims accelerate because something in the financial system breaks. So keep an eye on headlines related to banks. I think the banks that have collapsed so far were unusually exposed, and most other regional banks don't look anywhere near as at-risk, so hopefully the collapses are over now. But if you see them pick up again, that's a bad sign, because it means liquidity has dried up to the point where it's affecting a much more stable tier of banks than the ones that fell first. I suspect the risk to pension funds has passed, because inflation has peaked and is going to continue coming down, so bonds should see some gains. I'm also watching for trouble with the major crypto exchanges and commercial real estate. (If more banks do collapse, it will probably be because of CRE.) Macro Monday 22 - ISM Services Vs PMI US ISM Non-Manufacturing Index (ISM Services)
Next Release: 5th December 2023 (released on third business day of each month)
The U.S. Institute for Supply Management (ISM) Non-Manufacturing Index (“ISM Services”) encompasses a wide range of services across various industries.
The index is designed to measure the economic activity and health of the services sector in the United States some of which are professional services (accounting, legal, etc.), healthcare (hospitals, clinics & other practitioners), accommodation, leisure and food services.
Similar to the ISM Manufacturing Index (aka as the Purchasers Managers Index) which surveys producers and manufacturers which we covered in Macro Monday 13, the ISM Services index is also based on surveys conducted on participants in the relevant services sectors noted above. Also similar to the ISM Manufacturing index, the ISM Services is reported as a diffusion index, where values above 50 indicate expansion or growth in the sector, while values below 50 suggest contraction.
This makes both the ISM Manufacturing Index and ISM Services Index easy to compile onto a chart for comparison purposes.
The ISM Services Vs ISM Manufacturing Chart
The chart demonstrates the following:
▫️ At present ISM Services has been more resilient and is in expansionary territory at 51.8 (above 50) whilst ISM Manufacturing is in contractionary territory below the 50 level at 46.7.
▫️ Both the ISM Services Index and the ISM Manufacturing Index have been in a downward trajectory since 2021.
- You can clearly see that since March 2021 the
Manufacturing Index has declined from 64.5 down
to 46.7 today (Red Line).
- Thereafter from November 2021 the ISM Services
Index declined from 67.5 down to 51.8 today (Blue
Line).
▫️ As you can see on the chart a steep manufacturing decline can often provide advance an warning of a subsequent services decline (grey areas on chart).
It’s important to acknowledge that the Manufacturing Index can lead the ISM Services Index. It is important because we discovered in Macro Monday 13 that the Manufacturing Index (AKA Purchaser Managers Index) reading below 42 can provide an advance/confirmation warning of recession, thus more weight could be assigned to the Manufacturing Index than Services Index in predicting a recession (as it appears to lead services direction). For this reason we will review the ISM Manufacturing Index (PMI) indications below.
The ISM Manufacturing Chart
The main findings of the ISM Manufacturing Index (AKA Purchaser Managers Index)
From a Recession Perspective
▫️ 11 of the 12 recessions on the chart coincided with a PMI of less than 42.
▫️ 1 recession occurred that did not breach below the 42 level (No. 9 on the chart)
From a PMI Perspective
▫️ 12 of the 13 times that the PMI moved below the 42 level, this coincided with a recession.
▫️ 1 time we have had a sub 42 PMI reading without a recession (Between 11 & 12 on the chart).
At present we are at a level of 46.7 so we do not currently have a trigger event for a recession but we know exactly what to look for.
Based on both historical perspectives, there is an c.92% probability of a recession should a sub 42 PMI level be established, or vice versa, in the event of a recession confirmation there is a c. 92% probability it would coincide with the sub 42 PMI level.
Timing ISM Manufacturing Bottoms
o 10 out of 12 PMI Bottoms occurred in Q1 and the remaining two bottoms were in Q2. 83% of the time the PMI bottoms occur in Q1 which is good to know and watch for with Q1 2024 approaching swiftly.
o The average PMI Bottom to bottom timeframe over the past 6 cycles is 58 months (Min 37 – Max 86). We are presently at month 44 and month 58 is Jan 2025 (Q1)
The ISM New Orders Index (30% of the PMI)
Similar to the ISM New Orders Index Chart (covered in Macro Monday 6) which makes up 30% of the Purchaser Managers Index or Manufacturers Index (PMI), we have not reached below the 42 level on this chart either which has provided a 100% confirmation of recession when we have had a definitive move below the 42 level historically. At present we are at 45.5 on this chart and we seem to have a downward trajectory at present unless something changes upon the next data release.
In summary, we now know now that the Manufacturers Index (PMI) often leads the Services Index, and we need to pay close attention to the 42 level on both the New orders Index (Makes up 30% of PMI) and the Manufacturing Index (PMI) as a breach below this level on these charts increases the probability of a recession upwards of 92%. We are also now aware that there is a high incidence of the PMI bottoming in Q1 (83% of the time) and occasionally in Q2. These are quarters we can be on high alert for a sub 42 level.
The ISM Services PMI is released on the third business day of each month at 10:00 a.m. (EST) or 15:00 GMT. The next release will be on the Tuesday the 5th December 2023. Most of the ISM data releases commence within the first 5 working days of the month.
As always folks, I will watch the numbers and keep you informed. All of the above charts are updated on TradingView as data is released.
PUKA
U
A Holly Jolly Inflation OutlookLast Friday's University of Michigan Survey of Consumers revealed some surprising bullish trends as we head into the heart of the holiday season. November’s 69.4 sentiment score, the highest since August, was a massive jump from 61.3 in October, making a positive change in how consumers feel about the state of the economy. Within the report, though, is what really raised eyebrows on trading desks to wrap up last week.
My chart of the week is UMich 1-year inflation expectations. At 3.1%, it was the softest outlook for inflation since March 2021 and the biggest monthly drop since 2001. The stunning reversal comes amid rapidly falling gasoline prices. Bigger picture, the 5-year inflation outlook also came in tame at just 2.8%, tying for the lowest figure since July 2021.
It’s all music to the Fed’s ears ahead of this week’s key December FOMC meeting. Bond traders widely expect no change in the policy rate, but households’ collective outlook for lower inflation means they could be less aggressive in asking for significant wage increases in the new year, thus squashing the chance of a wage-price inflation spiral to take place in the coming quarters.
What does it mean for investors? It is yet another sign that inflation should continue its downward trajectory. Headline CPI is seen printing 0.0% for November, following October’s goose egg, while core prices are forecast to have risen by 0.3% last month. I assert this good news should help get the usually bullish back half of the December period off to a strong start, and the Santa Claus Rally period (the last five trading days of the year followed by the first two sessions of the new year) appear on track for gains.
Long
Long 
Long 
Business Cycle Rotation Part 3Last year I produced several posts that described an exercise that utilizes long term momentum changes between asset classes and the relationship among asset classes to anticipate the business cycle. That series and parts 1 and 2 of this series are linked below.
Parts one and two of the series described the general methodology, presented the matrix with the raw data and showed the process used to consolidate the raw data and begin to draw conclusions around the economy's position in the current business cycle.
Before I plot the distilled sectors onto a stylized business/market cycle overlay, I plot equities, rates and commodities onto an overlay with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Composite Leading Indicator (CLI) for the United States. CLI readings above 100 (dashed red line) suggest economic expansion to come while below the 100 line suggests weakness, and perhaps recession to come. The index is currently below 100 but rising toward the 100 line. So still weakening but at a much slower pace.
To help visualize the cycle I plot 10 year rates (inverted), SPX and the Thompson Core CRB index along with the CLI. Viewed in the manner the cycle that began with the bond top appears to be consistent in terms of sequencing. Rates topped, economy (CLI) topped, followed by equities and finally commodities top as the CLI enters the economic contraction phase.
Fast forward to todays configuration. In this perspective, despite the sharp rally in early November, while there is room for a cyclic rally, there is no sign of a lasting bond bottom (see next chart).
Commodities, while off their lows don't appear to be suggesting a new leg up in the cycle (but may be moving that way).
I think of rates as the first mover in the cycle. To believe that the cycle has turned virtuous I like to see ten year rates make a solid top. The ten year note monthly chart has broken above the multi decade downtrend and above the 3.25% pivot. While a bit overbought in terms of momentum and a small RSI divergence is showing up, the structure from the 2020 low is completely intact. Until I see solid signs of a monthly perspective yield top in the two year and ten year, it will be difficult for me to label this as the kind of high that would lead a change in the economic cycle.
The distilled sectors are placed onto stylized market and economic cycle sine curves. If markets (dark blue curve) are correctly anticipating the business cycle (grey curve) the business cycle is somewhere past peak, and should be expected to steadily deteriorate over coming quarters.
In part 5 we will examine the totality of the evidence and draw conclusions around the current cycle and what it implies for 2024.
And finally, many of the topics and techniques discussed in this post are part of the CMT Associations Chartered Market Technician’s curriculum.
Good Trading:
Stewart Taylor, CMT
Chartered Market Technician
Taylor Financial Communications
Shared content and posted charts are intended to be used for informational and educational purposes only. The CMT Association does not offer, and this information shall not be understood or construed as, financial advice or investment recommendations. The information provided is not a substitute for advice from an investment professional. The CMT Association does not accept liability for any financial loss or damage our audience may incur.
